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成人高考英语答题技巧：阅读理解

成人高考英语答题技巧：阅读理解关于作者的态度类问题(Attitude)　　阅读理解的最后一题常常提问在作者对文章中某一问题的态度(Attitude)、全文的基调(Tone)、文章的出处(Source)及对文章前后接续内容的判断等。　　关于态度或基调(Attitude/Tone)类题的回答应从篇章的体裁着手，一般来说，在说明文中作者的态度是客观的(objective)或中立的(neutral);而在议论文中，作者的观点才会显得多种多样，常风的选项有：　　(1)positive(积极的)　　(2)negative(消极的)　　(3)neutral(中立的)　　(4)approval(赞成的)　　(5)disapproval(不赞成的)　　(6)indifferent(漠不关心的)　　(7)sarcastic(讽刺的)　　(8)critical(批评的)　　(9)optimistic(乐观的)　　(10)pessimistic(悲观的)　　问题的几种提问方式：　　(1)What's the writer's attitude to…　　(2)What's the tone of the passage?　　(3)The author's view is_______　　有文章中，作者观点明确，文章基调清楚，而有的文章中，作者仅仅暗示对某一问题的态度和观点，需要阅读时仔细琢磨。解答这类问题时，首先应请注意篇章中起连接手段作用的那些词语;其次应注意有些表明作者观点词汇，如形容词、动词等。　　对文章的出处及文章前后接续内容判断等可从全篇着手，从个别句子或词汇找线索进行判断。　　Example：　　I am not so nave，however，as to believe that is responsible for this unfortunate situation of the American woman. I am not a feminist，but I am an individualist.I do not believe there is any important difference between men and women.certainly not as much as there may be between one woman and another or one man and an-other.There are plenty of women and men，for that matter who would be completely fulfilled in being allowed to be as lazy as possible.If someone will ensconce them in a pleasant home and pay their bills，they ask no more of life. It is quite all right for these men and women to live thus so long as fools can be found who will pay so much for nothing much in return.Gigolos，male and female，are to be found in every class and in the best of homes.But when a man does not want to be a gigolo，he has the freedom to go out and work and create as well as he can.But a woman has not.Even if her individual husband lets her，tradition in society is against her.In this passage the author looks on the situation of women with an attitude of.　　A)amusement　　B)indifference　　C)disapproval　　D)condemnation　　此篇文章中，作者对待这一问题的态度十分明确、强硬(如用语I am not 等等)，因此只参在选项C)和D)中选择。而从文章中的“gigolos”，"fools"等词可看出作者不仅不赞成而且态度更甚。所以，选项C)程度还不够，这一题的正确答案是D)　　(4)The writer's attitude of，this passage is apparently_________　　(5)The author suggests that_________　　(6)According to author__________　　有文章中，作者观点明确，文章基调清楚，而有的文章中，作者仅仅暗示对某一问题的态度和观点，需要阅读时仔细琢磨。解答这类问题时，首先应请注意篇章中起连接手段作用的那些词语;其次应注意有些表明作者观点词汇，如形容词、动词等。　　对文章的出处及文章前后接续内容判断等可从全篇着手，从个别句子或词汇找线索进行判断。　　Example：　　I am not so nave，however，as to believe that is responsible for this unfortunate situation of the American woman. I am not a feminist，but I am an individualist.I do not believe there is any important difference between men and women.certainly not as much as there may be between one woman and another or one man and an-other.There are plenty of women and men，for that matter who would be completely fulfilled in being allowed to be as lazy as possible.If someone will ensconce them in a pleasant home and pay their bills，they ask no more of life. It is quite all right for these men and women to live thus so long as fools can be found who will pay so much for nothing much in return.Gigolos，male and female，are to be found in every class and in the best of homes.But when a man does not want to be a gigolo，he has the freedom to go out and work and create as well as he can.But a woman has not.Even if her individual husband lets her，tradition in society is against her.In this passage the author looks on the situation of women with an attitude of.　　A)amusement　　B)indifference　　C)disapproval　　D)condemnation　　此篇文章中，作者对待这一问题的态度十分明确、强硬(如用语I am not 等等)，因此只参在选项C)和D)中选择。而从文章中的“gigolos”，"fools"等词可看出作者不仅不赞成而且态度更甚。所以，选项C)程度还不够，这一题的正确答案是D) 关于词汇问题(Vocabulary)　　词汇(Vocabulary)是三级阅读理解测试中非常重要的一项。词汇类其实也是就细节进行提问，所不同的是这是唯一关于词或词组的练习项目，词汇题往往要求对文章中的某个单词、短语甚至句子等找出近义词或最合适的解释。解答这类题需要学生拥有较大的词汇量。可是，单词记忆似乎已成为学生普遍反映最头痛的难题。阅读理解中词汇类问题的常见提问方式有下列几种：　　(1)According to the author，the word“…”means_______.　　(2)Which of the following is nearest in meaning to“…”?　　(3)The term“……”in paragraph…can be best replaced by…　　(4)What's the meaning of“…”in line…of paragraph…　　(5)As used in the line…，the word“…”refers to_______.　　一般来说，在文章的阅读中解决释义的最邓办法是猜测词义。猜测词义也需要一定的技巧，可以通过：1)上下文间意义的联系;2)同义关系;反义关系;3)词的定义;4)对词的解释和举例;5)构词法知识猜测词义。　　1、利用上下文词语意义的互相联系猜测词义　　Example：　　The fishermen make their canoes from tree trunks.They go from island to island in these light marrow boats and collect turtles' eggs.　　我们从上下文中可以得出以下信息：“canoes”是一种渔夫用树木做的、来回于岛屿之间的、轻狭长的、类似于小船之类的东西。尽管我们可能还不能肯定它的确切解释，但这一生词已经不会影响我们的阅读和理解了。　　Example：　　Jogging has become very popular in some countries，It is believed to be a good exercise for old people.　　“Jogging”的意思通过“a good exercise for old people ”可以推断出是一种适合老年人的剧烈的运动方式。　　2、利用文章中词与词的同义和反义关系猜测词义　　Example：　　If you happened to be sitting in the woods outside the city，you might have witnessed a strange sight.You would have seen a very proud looking man riding along horseback，saying something.　　在文章中可以很容易地判断出“witnesss”的同义关系词是“seen”，因此“witness”就是看见的意思。　　Example：　　In the northern regions the winters are generally cold and humid，and the summers hot and dry.　　显然，冬天和夏天的气候是截然相反的，它们的修饰词的意思也应该截然相反。“cold”与“hot”对应，“humid”与“dry”对应。因此，“humid”是“潮湿”的意思。　　3、利用文章中对词的定义猜测词义　　Example：　　Such experiences are not unusual for the amateur conchologists，people who collect shells.　　Conchologists的意思可以根据该词后面的同位解释“people who collect shells”理解为收集贝壳的人或贝壳收藏家。　　Example：　　Jack is now a florist，who keeps a shop for selling flowers in our district.　　“florist”的意思就是其后定语从句“who keeps a shop for selling flowers”所描述的拥有一家专门卖花的商店的人，即“花店主”。　　4、利用文章中对词的举例及解释猜测词义　　Example：　　Today young couples who are just starting their households of ten spend lots of their money on appliances，for instance，washing machines，refrigerators and color TVs.　　通过所举的例子(washing machines，refrigerators and color TVs)　　可以看出，“appliances”应是这些名词的总称，即“家用电器”。　　Example：　　Finally the enemy surrendered.They threw down their weapons and walked out of the home with their hands over their heads.　　通过后一句对“surrendered”的解释：扔掉武器(throw down their weapons)，举起双手(with their hands over heads)可知其意是“投降”。　　5、利用构词法知识(前缀和后缀)猜测词义　　Example：　　They overestimate the interviewee's ability and asked him many difficult questions.　　“estimate”是“估计”的意思，“over-”是前缀，意为“过分，过度，超过”等，因此“overestimate”就是“高估”的意思。　　Example：　　We were told that ours was the most spacious room in the hotel .That was why we had to pay so much for it.　　“spacious”是由“space”(名词，空间)+“ious”(形容词后缀变化而来的，因此，可猜测其词义为“宽敞”。)　　各种各样的前、后缀可以构成名词、形容词、动词、副词等，这些词缀需要平时不断地积累和记忆。掌握构词法知识是扩大词汇量和猜测生词词义的最佳办法。关于推理性问题(Inference)　　推理性问题与细节性问题相似，也是对文章具体内容的判断。但推理不但要求掌握文章所表达的字面含义，还要掌握一定的逻辑判断能力及写作技巧知识，从文章表面推出更深层含义，这部分往往出题分量大，难度大，出错也最多，归根结底还是对文章内容没有做到真正的理解和掌握。　　Inference类问题主要包括Significance和Communication Techniques两大类。　　1、Significance　　文字表面往往没有明显反映作者的全部意图，有些含义需要读者从字里行间去体会，靠自己的逻辑推理能力去判断，从上下文的联贯及文中有关部分的暗示去明析作者隐含的意思。这类问题的命题方式有：　　(1)The writer implies but not directly states that__________.　　(2)It can be inferred from the passage that_________.　　(3)The author strongly suggests that__________.　　(4)It can be concluded from the passage that________.　　(5)The passage is intended to__________.　　(6)The writer indicates that__________.　　Example:　　Nursing at Beth Israel Hospital produces the best patient care possible.If we were to solve the nursing shortage，hospital administration and doctors everywher would do well to follow Beth Israel's example.　　At Beth Israel each patient is assigned to a primary nurse who visits at length with the patient and constructs a full-scale health ac-count that covers everything from his medical history to his emotion-al state.Then she writes a care plan centered on the patient's illness but which also includes everything else that is necessary.　　The primary nurse stays with the patient through his hospitalization，keeping track with his progress and seeking further advice from his doctor.If a patient at Beth Israel is not responding to treatment，it is not uncommon for his nurse to propose another approach to his doctor.What the doctor at Beth Israel has in the primary nurse is a true colleague.　　Nursing at Beth Israel also involves a decentralized(分散的)nursing administration;every floor，every unit is a self-contained organization.There are nurse managers instead of head nurses，in addition to their medical duties they do all their own hiring and dismissing，employee advising，and they make salary recommendations.Each unit's nurse decide among themselves who will work what shifts and when.　　Beth Israel's nurse-in-chief ranks as an equal with other vice presidents of the hospital. She also is a member of the Medical Executive Committee，which in most hospitals includes only doctors.　　It can be inferred from the passage that__________.　　A)compared with other hospitals nurses at Beth Israel Hospital are more patient　　B)in most hospitals nurses get low salaries　　C)in most hospitals nurses get low salaries　　D)compared with other hospitals nurses have to work longer hour at Beth Israel Hospital　　本题要求考生判断4个选项中哪一个是根据文章可以推断出的结论，要求考生根据文章内容作出合理的推断。从本题所提供的4个选项来看，文章并未谈及护士的“耐心”(A);也未谈及护士的“工资待遇”(C)，只是说到护士的工资提升要由各科室推荐;更未涉及护士的“工作时间长短”(D))，文章的第一段最后一句才是得出正确答案的依据，这句的意思是：“如果我们确要解决护理工作不足的问题，那么各地医院的行政部门和医生最好还是效法一下Beth Israel医院”，主句的虚拟语气也说明这一点：迄今为止还未做到。由此可以推断：①护理不充分是一个应该解决的问题;②这个问题普遍存在，否则就没有必要要求各地医院行政部门和医生效法这家医院的做法。因此本题的正确答案为B)，本题属于局域型问题的间接性问题，这类问题是考生出错最多的题型。在做这类问题时，切忌从篇章的个别句子中寻找答案，而应把目光放在全篇的理解上：作者写这篇文章的目的是什么，针对什么问题，如何解决等。有许多考生可能都有这种体验：有的问题，第一遍阅读时做对了，第二遍再细读后，又改错了。这就是因为他们在读第二遍时注意了对篇章的个别句于的推敲，而忽视了整篇文章的大意。　　2、Communication Techniques　　文章中的每一句话都有它的作用和目的，都是为作者的写作而服务的。有的是下层意思的铺垫，有的是上旬话的结果，互相衬托，互相联系。四级阅读中常常就技巧性问题提问，测试读者对文章是否正确理解。这类题的命题方式有：　　(1)The fact...is mentioned by the author to show_________.　　(2)The author achieves his purpose by depending mainly upon.　　(3)The writer talks about...in order io_________ .　　(4)In discussing...the author_________.　　(5)The author's statement about...is a...for...　　Example：　　If women are mercilessly exploited year after year，they have only themselves to blame. Because they tremble at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion，they are al-ways taken advantage of by the designers and the big stores.Clothes which have been worn only a few times have to be put aside because of the change of fashion.When you come to think of it，only a woman is capable of standing in front of a wardrobe packed full of clothes and announcing sadly that she has nothing to wear.Changing fashions are nothing more than the intentional creation of waste.Many women spend vast sums of money each year to replac clothes that have hardly been worn.Women who cannot afford to throw away clothing in this way，waste hours of their time altering the dresses they have. Skirts are lengthened or shortened，necklines are lowered or raised，and so on.　　No one can claim that the fashion industry contributes any thing really important to society.Fashion designers are rarely concerned with vital things like warmth，comfort and durability.They are only interested in outward appearance and they take advantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of discomfort，as long as they look right.There can hardly be a man who hasn't at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shaking in a thin dress on a winter day，or delicately picking her way through deep snow in high- heeled shoes.　　When comparing men and women in the matter of fashion，the conclusions to be drawn are obvious.Do the constantly changing fashions of women's clothes，one wonders，reflect basic qualities of inconstancy and instability?Men are too clever to let themselves be cheated by fashion designers.Do their unchanging styles of dress reflect basic qualities of stability and reliability?That is for you to decide.To the writer，the fact that women alter their old-fashioned dresses is seen as_________.　　A)a waste of money　　B)waste of time　　C)an expression of taste　　本题问题是：女士们把过了时的衣服改来改去，在作者看来是“浪费金钱”(A));是“(女士对服装的)喜好(品味)的表现”(C));是“(女士们)创造性的表现”(D));还是(B))所说的“浪费时间”。根据第二段所说的“waste hours of their time altering the dresses they have.”(Para.2，Line 4――5，答案应选B) 关于细节性问题(Suppporting Details)　　细节性问题是关于Supporting Details类的问题，通过Skimming找出主题后，应进一步掌握阐述和发展主题的主要事实，或按要求找出特定细节。在回答此类问题时，应采用查读法(Scanning)，因为这些具体内容(Detai1s)是用来说明、论证或分析文章中心的。这类题目常以“WH-”形式来提问，如who，what，when，wher，why及how等形式。这些问题的表达常不采用文章中的原话提问，而是使用同义词语等，因此，在选择答案前应首先看准题于，看清问题所问究竟;然后，在查读时注意寻找与题目相关的关键词语;最后，在充分理解原文、原题的基础上确定正确答案。　　当然，这类细节性问题所涉及的面是很广的。有的涉及数字计算，如问时间、距离、次数、数量等，认真计算后方可选定正确答案;有的涉及正误判断，要先看选项，根据选项提供的线索，寻视文中相应部分，最后在题中选出肯定答案;还有的寻问事实、原因、结果、目的等。总之，做细节题切忌通过自己对某类知识的主观了解和认识做出想像判断，一定要紧扣文章内容，不可随心所欲。　　细节类问题的命题方式有以下几种：　　(1)Which of the following is NOT true according to the information in the passage?　　(2)Which of the following is mentioned in the passage?　　(3)What is the example of...as described in the passage?　　(4)The author mentions all of the following except...　　(5)The reason for...is...　　(6)The author states that...　　(7)According to the passage，when(wher，why，how，who，etc.)……　　Example：　　Just seven years ago，the Jarvik-7 artificial heart was being cheered as the model of human creativeness.The sight of Barney Clark-alive and conscious after trading his diseased heart for met-al-and-plastic pump -convinced the press，the public and many doctors that the future had arrived.It hadn't.After monitoring production of the Jarvik-7，and reviewing its effects on the 150 or so patients(most of whom got the device as a temporary measure)the U.S. Food and Drug Administration concluded that the machine was doing more to endanger lives than to save them.Last week the agency cancelled its earlier approval，effectively banning(禁止)the device.　　The recall may hurt Symbion Inc，maker of the Jarvik-7，but it won't end the request for an artificial heart.One problem with the banned model is that the tubes connecting it to an external power source created a passage infection.Inventors are now working on new devices that would be fully placed，along with a tiny power pack，in the patient's chest.The first sample products aren't expected for another 10 or 20 years.But some people are already worrying that they'11 work- and that America's overextended healthcare programs Will lose a precious $ 2.5 billion to $ 5 billion a year providing them for a relatively few dying patients. If such expenditures(开支)cut into funding for more basic care，the net effect could actually be a decline in the nation’s health. According to the passage the Jarvik-7 artificial heart proved to be________.　　A)a technical failure　　B)a technical wonder　　C)a good life-saver　　D)an effective means to treat heart disease　　本题是考核学生根据止下文全面理解和进行正确判断的能力，问的是本文论述的Jarvik-7人造心脏性能和效果到底如何。文章一开头说Jarvik-7是一大技术成就，但文章说到：…the U.S. Food and Drug Administration concluded that the machine was doing more to endanger lives than to save them(Line -7-9)。后面又提到：Last week the agency canceled its earlier approval，effectively banning the device.这两句话提供了这个问题的答案。因此，答案：　　The new models of artificial hearts are expected_______.　　A)to have a working life of 10 or 20 years　　B)to be set fully in the patient's chest　　C)to be equipped with an external power source　　D)to create a new passage for infection　　本题是考核正确理解事实细节的能力。选项已的意思与文章中第二段第三句，即“Inventors are now working…in the patient's chest.”的意思符合，因此选项B)是答案。（广州通用教育诚邀有志成才者参加高等教育自学考试，智力投资永远是最有价值的投资）广州自考专业介绍：http://www.gzzk114.com

成人高考英语复习备考要诀20条

成人高考英语复习备考要诀20条第一要诀：收听英语气象报告　　有些教学录音带为配合初学者的学习，故意放慢语速，这对英语听力的训练是不够的。如果听语速正常的英语，初学者又会感到力不从心。英语气象报告的速度虽快，但词汇简单固定，内容单纯，重复的可能性大，而且在生活中随时都可以印证，是听力入门的好教材。　　第二要诀：收听中国国际广播电台的英语广播　　中国国际广播电台(China Radio International)每天早上7:00-8:00，中午11:00-12:00各有一小时的英语节目。内容包括国内外新闻剪报集锦和各类系列的专题报道。除了英语标准流利的国内播音员担任广播之外，也有向外侨或访客就某一话题而做的录音访问。内容广泛，但词汇较简单，语速亦适中，可以藉此训练或增进英语的听力。　　第三要诀：善用录音带锻炼听说能力　　有些学习者总是习惯于一边看书一边听磁带，把磁带当成阅读的辅助工具，这样打不到锻炼听力的目的。录音带应该是以听说能力的训练为主。学习者要选用与自己能力相适应的听力磁带，不要急于求成，以免产生受挫心理。先反复聆听磁带内容，起先只要抓住梗概，多听几次后，对细节的了解便越来越多。听力较差的人，可先阅读课文，然后再集中精力领会每段每句的意思。这样练习有助于培养倾听时注意力的集中，使您的听力迅速进步。　　第四要诀：听正常语速的英语，才能加速听力的进步　　很多广播教学和听力教材总是为了配合听众或学习者的程度而故意放慢语速，这虽是无可厚非的变通方法，但也会产生一些不良的副作用。例如：1.听惯了语速放慢的英语，在与外国人的实际交往中，就很难适应，甚至听不懂他们用正常语速讲的英语。2. 故意放慢语速时，通常会把一句中每个词都清楚的读出来，但在正常的会话中会出现很多同化(assimilation)，减弱(reduction)，连音(liaision)的现象。所以，听语速正常的英语对于听力和会话极为重要。　　第五要诀：从网络上学习原版英语　　现在的网络已经很发达了，上面有很多英语学习资源。听，说，读，写都可以在网络上面完成，还可以无限次的重复，直到你学会为之。但网络上面的资源也是良莠不齐，要你自己去发现适合你学习的网站。如何找到有价值的学习网站，其实也不是很困难，现在有很多资源集锦的网站。　　第六要诀：和朋友表演影片情节　　在英语学习中，我们经常会与朋友或同学相约用英语交谈来提高英语会话能力，但经常感到自己的语言贫乏，所谈内容有限。现在不妨试试这种方法：配合前节所讲的“从电视，电影中学习英语”，先依据电影情节节选一个或多个片段，个人选定一个角色，然后在影片看熟之后试着把台词誊录成文字并背下来，最后进行排练表演。经常做这种练习，不仅对英语会话和听力大有好处，而且对语法和写作也是很好的锻炼。　　第七要诀：朗诵英文诗　　英语是否流利取决于对节奏的正确掌握。英语是按单词和句子的重音来分节奏的。英文诗是练习英语节奏的最好材料之一。例如 Worsworth 着名的“The Daffodils”(水仙花)：“I wandered lonely as a cloud/That floats on　　high o"er vales and hills……”(我象一片白云孤独的游荡，飘越过溪谷和群山……)便是典型的弱强节奏。读熟之后，大声朗诵，一定获益非浅。　　第八要诀：唱歌学英语　　比朗诵英文诗更有效的是唱英文歌曲。唱英文歌可以帮您练习发音(pronunciation)，语调(intonation)和节奏(rhythm)，又可以让您在很愉快的心情下背会很多单词和句型，真是一举数得。所选的英文歌曲最好语言优美，语法正规。起先可以从童谣入手，再渐渐的学唱抒情歌曲。学唱之前先要将歌词朗读几遍再跟着磁带学唱，唱熟后能背更好。　　第九要诀：特别注意中文没有的发音　　英语中有些读音是中文中没有的，这些也是我们英语学习者最困惑的读音，例如“th”的发音，发这种音时要特别注意口型的正确。　　第十要诀：背诵名人演说词，找机会复诵出来　　好的演说在用字遣辞上不但求其优美而且特别注重沟通力和说服力，是练习英语表达的最佳教材。学习者不必将演说词从头到尾的背诵，只要选择自己喜欢的段落或句子来背即可。例如：肯尼迪总统的名言“Ask not what your country can do for you,ask what you can do for your country.”(不要问你的国家能为你做什么，要问你能为你的国家做什么。)这类的妙言嘉句背多了之后，对于说话，写作都会有不少的帮助。第十一要诀：用英语绕口令克服发音的缺点　　绕口令(tongue twisters)常把容易混淆或念错的音放在一起。但因他们常以歌谣或押韵的形式出现，因此读熟之后也会觉得顺口好听。所以英语绕口令可以作为练习英语发音和会话的辅助教材。　　第十二要诀：多记一些幽默笑话，准备随时应用　　爱听笑话是人的天性，在社交场合中随时的插上几句笑话，可以使气氛轻松活泼，更容易赢得友谊。使用英语的场合，更可利用笑话来消除自己讲话的不自在，增强自己对英语会话能力的信心。听，讲和研究英语笑话的好处还远不止如此。更重要的是，您可以藉着幽默或笑话中精简的文字或语言增加对西方国家文化和社会的了解。请看下面两个　　例子：　　1.Teenager：“I”m off to the party."　　的(少年：“我要去参加聚会了”。)　　Father:"Well,have a good time."　　(父亲：“祝你玩的高兴。”)　　Teenager：“Look Dad,don"t tell me what to do!”　　(少年：“哎，爸爸，不要告诉我应该做什么。”)　　讽刺美国一些青少年过于强调独立自主，不受管束的性格。　　2.The policeman stopped the driver and said,"I"m your wife fell out your car about one kilometer back."　　“Thank godness，”said the driver，“I thought I had gone deaf.”(警察让司机停下车来，对他说：“你的妻子从你的车上掉下来恐怕已有一公里的路程了”。“感谢上帝”司机说“我还以为我已经聋了呢”。)讽刺美国太太们的长舌唠叨。　　第十三要诀：听英语时，口中跟着复诵听英语演讲　　看英语电视和电影时，要耳朵一边听，口中一边复诵。这样既有利于注意力的集中，增进对内容的了解，又可同时模仿母语是英语的人们(native speakers)的发音和语调。做这种练习时，如果句子长而复杂难以复诵，不必勉强，可以先从较短或较简单的句子开始。练习多了，就会养成习惯。另外一种有益的练习是逐句口译(consecutive interpretation)。把听到的句子逐一译成汉语，这对于听力，正确的理解及反应能力也是很好的锻炼。　　第十四要诀：练习朗读，好处多多　　英语学习者往往对朗读不太重视。事实上朗读的妙用大矣!1.锻炼英语的发音，语调与节奏;2.使口腔各发音部位灵活，增进说英语时的流利程度;3.使耳朵增加听英语的机会，从而提高英语听力;4.充分应用读书四到：眼到，口到，耳到，心到――比默读时更能记住所读的教材。我们也可以说朗读是会话的基本练习，没有朗读习惯的人是很难学成会话的。　　第十五要诀：练习朗读时要从后面往前推演　　练习朗读时，我们有时会觉得很难将一个长句朗读的流利顺口。例如里根总统第二任就职演说词：“So we go forward today,a nation still mighty in its youth and powerful in its purpose.”(因此我们今天要前进。我们的民族仍因年轻而有力量，因目标确定而强大。)遇到这种情况，我们建议您从最后的一个单词读起，每次向前加一个单词。例如：“……purpose”“……it"s purpose”“……in it"s purpose”“powerful in its purpose”。这种从后向前推的朗读联系法旨在帮助您把握正确的语调。我们知道，语调的上扬或下降在句尾表现的最明显。这样的练习可让您在每次的朗读时都能顾及正确的语调。第十六要诀：朗读长句时，可在“词组”之间稍做停顿　　在朗读中可能出现的另一个问题就是断句。由于句子长，无法一口气读完，往往有急促或断续的现象，句子被读的支离破碎，非常不自然。也有人在句中随意停顿，或停顿的地方不当，自己读起来极不通顺悦耳，听的人也会觉得不知所云。例如里根总统第二任就职演说词：“We must do what we know is right，and do it with all our might.”(我们必须做我们知道是正确的事，而且要全力去做。)决不能读成“We/must/do what/we/know/is right，/and do/it with all/out might.”　　长句中有短暂的停顿，藉以调和呼吸，这是自然的现象，但停顿的地方必须恰到好处。通常在：1. 有标点符号的地方;2.词组或思想单元之间。短语，从句等思想单元必须各自成一单位，但它们之间可以短暂停顿。例如：“We must do/what we know is right，/and do it/with all your might.(斜线为可以稍做停顿之处)。　　第十七要诀：为了兴趣而阅读　　寒窗苦读式的学习方法不但枯燥无味，而且效果往往不佳。如果是为了兴趣甚至“消遣”而阅读的话，一定会趣味盎然，并能在无形之中进。例如：喜欢爵士乐的人读起爵士乐方面的英文书刊会比看英文教科书效率高的多。同样的，喜欢汽车的人看介绍汽车的英文书刊，喜欢烹饪的人看介绍汽车的英文书刊，不仅能满足自己的爱好，而且又可以提高英语能力，真是一举两得。假如没有特别的兴趣，那不妨阅读故事，小说尤其是侦探小说更能使人全神贯注，而且有一气呵成之感。这可算是一种愉快的学习方法。　　第十八要诀：精读和泛读并行　　精读的教材不必贪多，最好选择短小精悍的文章，把里面的词汇，语法结构等全部弄清楚，然后大声朗读，再加背诵，最后能够默写几遍更好。　　有一个可以兼顾精读和泛读的方法，是从返读的材料中选择一些最优美，读来最顺口的句子加以精读。应该尽量将背诵，默写过的段落和句子在会话或写作时应用出来。应用也有助于对他们的理解和记忆。　　第十九要诀：阅读英文报刊杂志　　报刊杂志上登载的最新消息，所用的词汇也是最现代，最实用的。常常阅读英文报刊杂志能够通过生活化，实用性的学习，迅速提高您的英文能力。　　现在国内最常见的英文报纸是中国日报(China Daily)和21世纪英语(21st Century)。如果您抱着增大词汇量，提高英语阅读能力的目的看报纸，那么就不要局限于您所感兴趣的部分。最好通读报纸的每个栏目和版面。包括新闻，社论甚至广告等。值得一提的是刊登在报纸上的英文连环画，它不仅能培养您的幽默感，而且让您在会心一笑之余还能了解一个国家的文化和社会信息。英文程度稍差的人可以在阅读英文报纸之前先看看当天的中文报纸，这对理解英文报纸很有帮助。　　第二十要诀：暂时忘掉字典　　我们在阅读英文小说或报刊时，不免会遇到一些生词。如果总是停下来查字典会很令人扫兴，读书的兴趣也会被消磨掉。因此我们建议您，有时可以暂时忘掉字典。　　首先，选择的读物要与您的英文水平相当，令您感兴趣。随便翻阅数页，浏览一下，如果每页您可以看懂八成以上，可认定这本书适合您。　　其次，在阅读中遇到生词，不要急着查字典。先联系上下文猜猜看，做到这一点就够了。等从头到尾看完之后，再去查字典深入研究。（广州通用教育诚邀有志成才者参加高等教育自学考试，智力投资永远是最有价值的投资）广州自考专业介绍：http://www.gzzk114.com

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