广州自考英语复习要点：常用虚拟语气英语语法

       虚拟语气是动词的一种特殊形式，用来表达说话人的愿望、请求、意图、建议、惊奇、设想等。虚拟语气是英语语法的难点，考生必须熟练掌握。以下从五个方面介绍。

一．虚拟条件句中的运用：虚拟条件句从时间上又分为与现在事实相反，与过去事实相反，与将来事实可能相反三种情况。也就是下表：
时间 If引导的从句 主句
过去 had+ 过去分词 would/could/might + have +过去分词
现在 一般过去时，be用were would/could/might+ 动词原形
将来 1. 一般过去时
        2. should +动词原形
        3. were to +动词原形 

注意：如果If引导的从句中有were, should或者构成过去完成时的had,那么可以省略if, 从句用倒装。
1）If a better material _____, the strength of the part would have been increased.
　　　 A. had been used　　　 B. had been using
　　　 C. being used 　　　 D. using
　　
2）Had the weather been good, the children _____ out for a walk.
　　　 A. had gone 　　　 B. could have gone
　　　 C. would go 　　　 D. went
与过去的事实相反。当if从句中含有were, had, should这三个词时，if可以省略，主谓倒装。

二．某些动词后的宾语从句以及某些名词后的表语或同位语从句中虚拟语气的运用，这些动词或名词包括：suggest(suggestion),propose(proposal),advise (advice),demand, insist, order, request, require, recommend, desire, ask, decide等表示建议、命令或要求的词。在这些从句中，谓语形式为should加动词原形，should可以省略。
例：The general’s command was that the soldiers _____ their fort and carry out more important task.
　　　 A. would leave 　　　 B. leave 　　　 C. left 　　　 D. have left

三．在It is desired(或desirable), It is important等结构后面的主语从句中，动词用原形或should+原形动词。这些结构有： It is suggested/ requested/ordered, 或者It is necessary/ essential/ vital/ urgent/ impossible/ preferable/ advisable/ proposed等。
例：It’s desired that she _____ to teach us at least twice a week,
A. comes 　　　 B. will come 　　　 C. come 　　　 D. may come

四．在would rather, as if/though以及wish后边that从句中虚拟语气的运用。
例：1）I am too busy these days. I would rather all of you _____ next month for a dinner.
　　　 A. come 　　　 B. would come 　　　 C. came 　　　 D. have come
　　  would rather后面的从句中，动词形式用过去式。

　　2）He talks as if he _____ everything in the world.
　　　 A. knows 　　　 B. knew 　　　 C. had known 　　　 D. would have know
　在as if/though后边的方式状语从句中，表示与现在事实相反或对现在的情况有所怀疑，动词用过去式；如果表示的是想象中的过去的动作，用过去完成时。本句表示对现在的情况有所怀疑。

　　3）You look as if you had seen a ghost.
句中as if 后边是说话人想象中的过去的动作，所以用过去完成时。

　　4）I wish I knew his address.
在wish后边的从句中，如果指现在的愿望，动词用过去式。过去的愿望用过去完成时，将来的愿望用would/could +动词原形。

　　5）Peter wishes that he _____ law instead of literature when he was in college.
　　　 A．could study 　B. studied　　C. had studied 　D. would study
在wish后边的从句中，如果表示过去没有实现的愿望，动词用过去完成时。

五．在It is (high) time后边的that从句中，动词用过去式，表示该做某事了。
　　例：Don’t you think it is time you _____ smoking?
　　　 A. give up　　　    B. gave up
　　　 C. would give up 　　　  D. should give up
　

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